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| International biodiversity indicator frameworks
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There are a number of International frameworks for biodiversity indicators. The most widely recognised are the CBD Indicator Framework and the UN Millennium Development Goals Framework.
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One of the most widely recognised frameworks for biodiversity indicators is that of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). In 2004, at the seventh Conference of the Parties the CBD adopted a provisional list of global headline indicators, to assess progress at the global level towards its target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. The 2010 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership was later established as a collaboration of the many organizations developing the CBD global biodiversity indicators.
The CBD framework consists of 21 headline indicators which fall under 7 focal areas. Each headline indicator consists of one or a composite of indicators (measures). To view the indicator framework click here.
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| Use of the CBD framework to formulate regional and national indicators
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A number of existing regional and national indicator initiatives have used the CBD framework in varying degrees to formulate their own biodiversity indicators sets. Some initiatives have used the CBD framework of focal areas and headline indicators, but have developed their own more specific indicators (measures). A good example of this is the pan European initiative, SEBI 2010 (Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators). Other initiatives have loosely adopted the framework, using the focal areas and developing their own series of headline indicators and indicators, for example the UK Biodiversity Indicators initiative has adopted this approach.
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| National data sets and the global CBD indicators
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Although the CBD indicators have been developed to assess biodiversity trends at the global level, the majority rely on national scale data (see table). It is therefore possible that these indicators can be disaggregated at the regional and national levels to produce biodiversity trends. However, it is rarely the case that that the global indicators are disaggregated to produce regional and national level indicators. Nations using specific CBD indicators usually adopt similar methodologies and produce the indicators in isolation from the organization/agencies producing the global indicator. There are some examples of national indicators feeding into and enhancing the global indicators, for more information on this click here. | National Data forms Global indicator 
| Global indicator can be disaggregated to regional/national level 
| Global Indicator only 
| | Focal Area 1: Status and trends of the components of biodiversity | • Extent of forests and forest types
• Extent of assorted ecosystems
• Global Wild Bird Indicator
• Coverage of Protected Areas
• Management effectiveness of Protected Areas | • Living Planet Index
• Overlays of protected areas with biodiversity
• Red List Index
• Ex situ crop collections
• Genetic diversity of terrestrial domesticated animals | | | Focal Area 2: Sustainable Use | • Area of forest under sustainable management: certification
• Area of agricultural ecosystems under sustainable management
• Wild Commodities Index
• Ecological Footprint |
• Area of forest under sustainable management: degradation and deforestation | | | Focal Area 3: Threats to biodiversity | | • Trends in Invasive Alien Species | • Nitrogen Deposition | | | Focal Area 4: Ecosystem integrity and ecosystem goods and services | • Marine Trophic Index
• Water Quality Index for Biodiversity
• Health and well being of communities
• Nutritional status of biodiversity | • Forest Fragmentation
• Status of species in trade
• Wild Commodities Index
• Biodiversity for food and medicine | • River fragmentation and flow regulation | | Focal Area 5: Status of traditional knowledge, innovations & practices | | • Status and trends of linguistic diversity and numbers of speakers of indigenous languages | | | | Focal Area 7: Status of resource transfers | | • Official development assistance provided in support of the Convention | | |
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| Millennium Development Goals Indicators
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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by 147 heads of state and governments during the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000.
The Millennium Development Goals framework consists of 21 quantifiable targets that are measured by 60 indicators. A number of the indicators under Goal 7, ‘Ensure Sustainable Development’ relate to biodiversity and the CBD 2010 Biodiversity Target is incorporated under target 7b: ‘Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss’.
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| Overlap with CBD indicators
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A number of the indicators under Goal 7 cross cut with CBD indicators under the ‘Components of Biodiversity’ and ‘Sustainable Use’ focal areas, see table below. | Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7: Ensure environmental sustainability | MDG Target
| MDG Indicator | CBD Indicator | | Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources | 7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest | 1.1.1 Extent of forests and forest types | | 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits | 2.2.1 Proportion of fish stocks in safe biological limits | | Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss | 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected | 1.3.1 Coverage of Protected Areas | | 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction | 1.4.1 Red List Index and Sampled Red List Index |
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